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Solid-state batteries have been developed for more than 40 years, and there is no real breakthrough. Is this technology finally ready to withstand the new 4680 Tesla battery?
The new 4680 Tesla battery is big news, but for many years (and many years), solid-state batteries have been considered the killer application that unlocks the potential of electric vehicles. Compared with lithium-ion batteries, solid-state technology has lighter weight, higher efficiency and faster charging time, so it is widely promoted, even on CleanTechnica! But you might be thinking, is it really a promising technology that many people claim? Gene Berdichevsky doesn't think so—and, as the engineer responsible for the Tesla Roadster battery pack, you might want to hear him.
In a white paper recently published by his company Sila Nanotechnologies, Berdichevsky referred to solid-state batteries as "false hopes" and did nothing in his criticism of the solid-state hype train. He wrote: "Although this technology seems to be the holy grail of batteries, there are technical reasons, but the reality is that even if this technology is feasible (after 40 years of development, this is a big'if') is unlikely to be There are more opportunities in the market than niche opportunities."
If you are like me, that comment on "40 years of development" has caught your attention. For example, I know that I only heard the term "solid-state battery" recently-but I followed up with Budichevsky's statement via a quick Google search and quickly found ExxonMobil (!?) and Gold Bawang's research in 1978 and 1981, respectively. This is based on the passage in the white paper: "Calling this technology a'solid state' does not explain the real situation-the reason for using a'solid state' is to replace the liquid electrolyte and solid in the traditional lithium ion. The reason for this It is possible to use lithium metal anodes to completely replace graphite anodes. A better name is the "lithium metal anode" technology, which has about 40 years of major technical and commercial challenges before traditional lithium-ion batteries."
I found a paper like this documenting the development of some "lithium metal anodes", entitled "A Brief History of Early Lithium Battery Development" by Mogalahalli V. Reddy, Alain Mauger, Christian M. Julien, Andrea Paolella and Karim Zaghib It can be downloaded for free at this MDPI link. It is very densely written and full of jargon, but I think the following table is a good proof of the "40 years" statement.
Berdichevsky also disputed claims by solid-state supporters that solid-state batteries would not catch fire. As part of the countless technical problems that a commercially viable solid metal anode technology must overcome, he wrote, “There are many technical reasons that can be suspected. After 40 years of unsuccessful development of lithium metal anodes, some things are fundamentally different. At this time, except "Solid state" brand. There are countless technical challenges to overcome, the first is the risk of lithium dendritic electroplating. Like other metals, lithium has the characteristic of making it adhere to high points instead of low points when it is electroplated into the electrode film. This It can cause lithium spikes (dendrites) to form on the anode, pierce the separator, short-circuit the cathode, and cause catastrophic thermal runaway (fire) in the battery."
In other words, undetected dendrites pierce the protective material layer and short-circuit the battery does not seem to be a unique problem for lithium-ion battery pastes, as described elsewhere.
More importantly, when it comes to solid opportunities, Berdychevsky is not the only disparaging voice. A European automotive executive who asked not to be named told Politico: “Once we think we have found a convincing way to expand the scale of solid products, we will study it,” and then added, “We will not Waiting for something magical to happen."
Therefore, the solid state is promising-but there are decades of research and unresolved technical problems behind it that hinder its widespread adoption. Moreover, it should be pointed out that despite the efforts of ExxonMobil, Duracell, Toshiba, Sony and other companies. Do we really think ExxonMobil solved the problem and then shelved it? Where is Duracell? Even if you have the maximum tin cap protection, and you think ExxonMobil and Duracell will certainly suppress this technology to continue selling the products they have been selling, what about Toshiba? What about Sony? Is there a situation where Sony cracks the mystery of solid-state batteries and launches a truly technologically advanced autonomous EV before Rivian, Lucid, and even Ford?
Finally, if any of these are really the way forward, why did Elon Musk decide that the best path for his car company is not solid state, but to focus on the new 4680 Tesla battery?
The new 4680 battery developed in collaboration with Gigafactory partner Panasonic is much more powerful than the more familiar "AA-type" lithium-ion battery that Tesla has successfully used so far. However, in terms of breakthroughs in electric vehicles, they are not just "bigger". These new Tesla batteries are a huge leap. Their energy storage capacity is half of Tesla's already leading battery technology, while the cost is only half. (Note that they may contain five times as much energy, but they are also larger-their energy density is not five times.)
As if this is not exciting enough, Tesla claims that the 4680 battery will help achieve "a 100-fold increase in battery production" by 2030, thanks in part to the cylindrical architecture of the new battery type. This is also worth noting, because Tesla is one of the only automakers using cylindrical battery types. General Motors and other companies are using rectangular "packs" or "blades."
GM Ultium battery, provided by GM.
This advantage is twofold. First, this means that Tesla can almost completely benefit from the new 4680 battery (at least, initially). Second, this means that the existing Gigafactory infrastructure will be able to switch to new battery types more easily than "blade" manufacturers. In a world where inventory shortages and high consumer demand drive prices soaring, these are very important advantages!
So, will solid-state batteries enter the market—especially when Tesla and Panasonic face new competition and market realities? No one asked me, but I think the answer is: no, not even at all.
Solid-state batteries will not appear, and the new 4680 Tesla batteries will be enough to fly a trillion-dollar valuation to the moon. But hey, that's just me. What do you think? Watch the last comparison video from the TechArchives staff that compares the theoretical prospects of solid-state batteries with the "off-the-shelf" power of a 4680 Tesla battery, then scroll down to the comment section at the bottom of the page and give us your opinion. enjoy!
Source | Image: MDPI, Sila Nano, TechArchives, Wall Street Journal.
I have been involved in motorsports and adjustments since 1997, and have been part of an important media network since 2008. You can find me here, work on my Volvo fan site, ride a motorcycle in Chicago, or chase my kids in Oak Park.
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